In a world where energy is at the heart of our concerns, we hear more and more about “positive energy homes”. But what exactly does that mean? Basically, it’s a house that produces more energy than it consumes. It’s a bit of a dream, isn’t it? Fewer bills, more respect for the planet. We’re going to look at how it works, the technologies that make it possible, and what we can do, each at our own level, to get closer to this ideal. Hang on, we’re going to talk about positive energy!

Key Points

• Understanding positive energy: producing more than you use, with a positive impact on the environment and the economy.
• Technologies such as heat pumps and solar systems are essential to achieve this goal.
• Optimisation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is crucial for low consumption.
• The choice of insulating materials and the integration of renewable equipment are important for energy autonomy.
• Adopting simple daily gestures and using home automation can help reduce energy consumption.

Understanding the concept of positive energy

Definition and fundamental principles

Positive energy is somewhat the Holy Grail of modern construction. Imagine a building that not only consumes energy, but produces more than it uses. That’s a positive energy home! The principle is simple: reduce the building’s energy needs as much as possible (insulation, efficient equipment) and then produce renewable energy on site (solar panels, wind turbines, etc.). The idea is to achieve a positive energy balance over a year. This is then referred to as BEPOS (Positive Energy Buildings).

Consumption reduction targets

You don’t become a positive energy home overnight. There are steps, goals to achieve. The idea is to gradually reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings and to build new buildings that are increasingly efficient. Thermal regulations, such as RE 2020, set consumption thresholds not to be exceeded. And then there’s the tertiary decree which requires tertiary buildings to reduce their energy consumption. It’s a bit like a diet, but for buildings!

The ultimate goal is to move towards energy autonomy, i.e. no longer depending on fossil fuels and producing one’s own renewable energy.

Impact on the environment and the economy

The advantages of a positive energy home are numerous. First, there’s the environmental aspect. By producing more energy than it consumes, the house helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Then there’s the economic aspect. A positive energy home can significantly reduce its energy bill, or even eliminate it completely. And then there’s the social aspect. A positive energy home is a comfortable, healthy and pleasant place to live. In addition, the Effinergie label encourages this type of construction, it’s a virtuous circle!

Key technologies for a positive energy home

To achieve the goal of a positive energy home, several technologies play a decisive role. These technologies not only reduce energy consumption, but also produce renewable energy on site. Let’s explore these solutions together.

The intelligence of heat pumps

Heat pumps are an effective solution for heating and air conditioning. They use energy present in the external environment (air, water, soil) to heat or cool a building. Their energy efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional heating systems.

• Aerothermal heat pumps capture calories present in the outside air.
• Geothermal heat pumps draw heat from the ground.
• Hydrothermal heat pumps use heat from groundwater or surface water.

The installation of a heat pump requires a preliminary study to determine the most suitable type of pump for the building’s needs and local climatic conditions. Regular maintenance is also essential to ensure optimal performance and a long lifespan.

Aerothermal energy and its applications

Aerothermal energy, which exploits calories present in the air, is an increasingly popular solution for heating and domestic hot water production. Aerothermal heat pumps offer an interesting alternative to traditional systems, with a reduced environmental impact. Imagine a system that captures energy from the outside air, even in cold weather, to heat our homes and offices.

• Ease of installation compared to geothermal.
• Generally more affordable cost.
• Variable performance depending on climatic conditions.

Solar heating and cooling systems

Solar thermal systems capture energy from the sun to heat a heat transfer fluid, which can then be used for heating or hot water production. These systems can also be used to power solar air conditioning systems, offering an ecological solution for cooling buildings. The integration of solar systems is an ecological solution.

• Solar thermal panels for domestic hot water production.
• Combined solar heating systems (SSC) for heating and hot water.
• Solar air conditioning using thermal energy to power a cooling cycle.

These technologies, combined with bioclimatic design and the use of high-performance materials, make it possible to build positive energy homes, thus contributing to the energy transition and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of these technologies is a step towards active or zero-consumption homes.

Optimising the energy performance of buildings

It has become imperative to optimise the energy performance of buildings, not only to reduce costs, but also to minimise environmental impact. Buildings represent a significant proportion of global energy consumption, and improvements in this area can have a significant impact.

The crucial role of HVAC systems

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a central role in the energy performance of buildings. They can account for up to 70% of a tertiary building’s energy consumption. It is therefore essential to optimise their operation.

Here are some points to consider:

• Regular maintenance: Regular maintenance of HVAC systems ensures their efficiency and prevents breakdowns.
• Equipment modernisation: Replacing old equipment with more efficient models can lead to significant energy savings.
• Intelligent management: The use of building management systems (BMS) allows real-time control and optimisation of HVAC system operation. HVAC energy performance is a major issue.

Optimising HVAC systems is not limited to installing efficient equipment. It requires a global approach that takes into account the specific needs of the building and its occupants.

The importance of controlled mechanical ventilation

Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV) is an essential element for ensuring indoor air quality and optimising the energy performance of buildings. An efficient CMV system renews indoor air while limiting heat loss.

There are different types of CMV, such as single-flow CMV and double-flow CMV. Double-flow CMV is more efficient because it recovers heat from the extracted air to preheat the incoming air. This can significantly reduce heating energy consumption. Optimising energy efficiency involves passive solutions such as double-flow CMV systems.

Here are some advantages of double-flow CMV:

• Improved indoor air quality
• Reduced heat loss
• Energy savings

Strategies for controlled consumption

To control a building’s energy consumption, it is important to implement a global strategy that takes into account all aspects of consumption. This involves good insulation, efficient equipment, but also responsible behaviour.

Here are some strategies to implement:

1. Carry out an energy audit to identify the building’s weaknesses and areas for improvement.
2. Raise awareness among occupants about eco-friendly gestures and good practices in energy saving.
3. Set up an energy consumption monitoring system to identify waste and anomalies.
4. Optimise lighting by using LED bulbs and favouring natural light.

Materials and design for energy autonomy

The choice of insulating materials

The choice of insulating materials is essential to minimise heat loss and optimise a building’s energy performance. It is important to consider the thermal resistance, durability and environmental impact of the materials. Bio-based materials, such as wood fibre for insulation, linen or hemp, are gaining popularity due to their insulating properties and low carbon footprint.

• Wood fibre: Excellent thermal and acoustic insulation, renewable material.
• Sheep’s wool: Good insulation, moisture regulation, natural resource.
• Cellulose wadding: High-performance insulation, made from recycled paper.

The integration of triple glazing

Triple glazing represents a significant advance in window insulation. It considerably reduces heat loss compared to double glazing, thus improving indoor comfort and reducing heating needs. This technology consists of adding a third pane of glass, separated from the others by layers of insulating gas (argon or krypton), which increases the thermal resistance of the window.

The initial investment in triple glazing may seem substantial, but it results in substantial energy savings in the long term and contributes to reducing the building’s carbon footprint.

Renewable energy producing equipment

To achieve energy autonomy, it is essential to integrate equipment that produces renewable energy. Several options are available to build an autonomous house:

• Photovoltaic solar panels: They convert sunlight into electricity.
• Domestic wind turbines: They produce electricity using wind power.
• Geothermal systems: They exploit heat from the ground for heating and cooling.

These systems, combined with a bioclimatic design focused on eco-design and high-performance materials, significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and move towards a positive energy home.

The regulatory framework and financial incentives

The tertiary decree and its implications

The tertiary decree, officially known as the Tertiary Eco Energy scheme, is a central element of French energy policy. It aims to reduce energy consumption in tertiary buildings over 1,000 m². The main objective is to achieve a 40% reduction in energy consumption by 2030, 50% by 2040 and 60% by 2050, compared to 2010.

This decree requires owners and tenants of these buildings to declare their energy consumption annually on the OPERAT platform. It also encourages the implementation of concrete actions to improve energy efficiency, such as insulation, replacement of heating and air conditioning equipment, and optimisation of energy management. The tertiary decree is therefore an important lever for the energy transition of tertiary buildings.

Energy consumption reduction targets

France has committed to an ambitious trajectory for reducing energy consumption, in line with European and national objectives. These objectives are reflected in increasingly strict regulations, aimed at encouraging energy savings in all sectors, particularly construction.

• Reduction of final energy consumption by 50% by 2050 compared to 2012.
• Improvement of the energy performance of new and existing buildings.
• Development of renewable energies to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

The RE2020 environmental regulation marks an important step by imposing stricter thresholds for new constructions, with clear objectives: improve energy performance, limit summer overheating and reduce the building’s carbon footprint.

Aid and subsidies for the energy transition

To support individuals and businesses in their energy renovation projects and the installation of efficient equipment, numerous financial aids are available. These incentives aim to reduce the initial cost of the work and encourage the adoption of sustainable solutions.

Here are some examples of aid and subsidies:

• MaPrimeRénov’: Financial aid paid by the State for energy renovation work, accessible to owner-occupiers and co-ownerships.
• Energy Savings Certificates (CEE): A scheme that obliges energy suppliers to encourage their customers to save energy, by paying them bonuses or offering them support services. The amounts of CEE are defined by decrees.
• The zero-interest eco-loan (eco-PTZ): A loan without interest to finance work to improve energy performance.
• Aid from local authorities: Many regions, departments and communes offer additional aid to support the energy transition.

It is important to inquire about the eligibility conditions and application procedures for these aids before starting work. An energy audit can be a good first step.

Adopting eco-responsible behaviours

Daily eco-friendly gestures

Adopting eco-friendly gestures on a daily basis is a simple but powerful way to reduce your environmental footprint. It’s not about revolutionising your lifestyle, but rather integrating more environmentally friendly habits. These gestures, often not very restrictive, can have a significant impact on energy consumption and waste production.

Here are some concrete examples:

• Turn off the lights when leaving a room.
• Unplug electrical appliances on standby.
• Prefer LED bulbs, which are less energy-intensive.
• Reduce the heating temperature by one degree.
• Use reusable bags for shopping.
• Sort waste to promote recycling.

The accumulation of these small gestures, adopted by a large number of people, can generate considerable energy savings and contribute to the preservation of natural resources.

The impact of consumption habits

Our consumption habits have a direct impact on the environment. Every product we buy, every service we use, generates an ecological footprint. It is therefore essential to become aware of this impact and adopt more responsible consumption patterns. This involves questioning our real needs and a willingness to favour sustainable alternatives. For example, we can favour the purchase of local and seasonal products, reduce our meat consumption, or opt for ecological solutions for cleaning the house.

Tips for reducing your energy bill

Reducing your energy bill is not only beneficial for your wallet, but also for the environment. Several actions can be implemented to achieve this goal.

• Improve the insulation of your home: Good insulation helps limit heat loss in winter and keep cool in summer, thus reducing heating and air conditioning needs.
• Optimise the use of household appliances: Use the washing machine and dishwasher at full load, regularly defrost the refrigerator, and maintain appliances to ensure their efficiency.
• Control your hot water consumption: Prefer showers to baths, install an economical shower head, and repair water leaks.
• Use a programmable thermostat: Adjust the heating temperature according to your needs and absences to avoid energy waste.
• Adopt eco-responsible driving: Prefer public transport, cycling, or walking for short journeys, and adopt smooth and anticipated driving to reduce fuel consumption. TotalEnergies prioritises reducing direct emissions. Finally, it is important to note that companies can also adopt responsible communication to reduce their environmental impact.

The connected home serving positive energy

Home automation, once considered a luxury, is now an essential tool for optimising energy consumption and moving towards a positive energy home. Thanks to intelligent systems, it is possible to control and monitor the consumption of each appliance in real time, thus contributing to more efficient energy management.

Intelligent equipment control

Intelligent equipment control represents a significant advance in the energy management of homes. It optimises consumption by adapting the operation of appliances to the actual needs of the occupants. Here are some concrete examples:

• Programming heating according to the presence of occupants.
• Lighting management according to natural light.
• Optimisation of household appliance consumption during off-peak hours.

The integration of sensors and connected thermostats allows precise control of temperature and lighting, thus reducing energy waste and improving the comfort of occupants.

Consumption monitoring and optimisation

Monitoring energy consumption is an essential step to identify sources of waste and implement corrective actions. Consumption monitoring systems provide an overview of the home’s energy consumption, allowing anomalies to be detected and appliance use to be optimised.

Here are some advantages of these systems:

• Real-time monitoring of consumption per appliance.
• Alerts in case of excessive consumption.
• Comparison of consumption with previous periods.

Improved comfort through home automation

Beyond energy management, home automation contributes to improving the comfort of occupants. The ability to remotely control heating, lighting and household appliances offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort. A connected home allows the environment to be adapted to everyone’s needs and preferences, thus creating a more pleasant and personalised living space. Home automation can also include the management of blinds, automatic watering, and even security, offering additional peace of mind. The advantages of a smart home are numerous, and the increase in resale value is a significant asset.

The advantages of ecological air conditioning

Ecological air conditioning represents a significant step towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly habitat. It offers an alternative to traditional systems, which are often energy-intensive and polluting. By adopting these technologies, you actively contribute to reducing your carbon footprint while enjoying optimal comfort.

Significant reduction in energy consumption

Ecological air conditioning is distinguished by its ability to minimise energy consumption. Modern systems, such as geothermal heat pumps or solar air conditioners, use renewable resources and advanced technologies to optimise their efficiency. This efficiency translates into a significant reduction in your electricity bills. For example, bio-air conditioners can significantly reduce energy consumption.

The initial investment in an ecological air conditioning system may seem substantial, but the long-term savings largely offset this cost. In addition, financial incentives and government subsidies make these technologies more accessible.

Improved indoor air quality

Beyond reducing energy consumption, ecological air conditioning helps improve indoor air quality. Modern systems are equipped with high-performance filters that eliminate fine particles, pollen and other allergens. This creates a healthier environment for building occupants, particularly beneficial for people suffering from allergies or respiratory problems. Good indoor air quality is essential for well-being.

Here are some advantages related to improved air quality:

• Reduced risk of allergies and asthma.
• Decreased spread of infectious diseases.
• Improved respiratory comfort.

Contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions

One of the main advantages of ecological air conditioning lies in its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By using renewable energies and refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP), these systems minimise their impact on the climate. Adopting ecological air conditioning means making a responsible choice for the environment and for future generations. Indeed, savings on energy bills are a significant advantage.

Here are some key points:

1. Use of renewable energies (solar, geothermal, etc.).
2. Reduced dependence on fossil fuels.
3. Use of refrigerants with low GWP.

Challenges and prospects of positive energy

Initial installation costs

One of the main obstacles to the widespread adoption of positive energy homes lies in the initial installation costs. Investing in solar panels, efficient insulation, or heat pump systems represents a significant budget. However, it is important to consider this investment in the long term. The savings made on energy bills gradually offset these initial expenses. In addition, financial aid and government subsidies can alleviate this burden.

Technological evolution

The field of positive energy is constantly evolving. New technologies regularly emerge, offering more efficient and affordable solutions. The improved efficiency of solar panels, the development of more efficient storage batteries, and the rise of home automation are all elements that contribute to making positive energy homes more accessible and attractive. It is therefore essential to stay informed of the latest advances to make the best choices.

Future development potential

The future of positive energy is promising. With growing awareness of environmental issues and the political will to promote energy transition, the development of positive energy homes should accelerate. We can imagine entire neighbourhoods designed according to this model, where buildings produce more energy than they consume, thus contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the fight against global warming. The integration of renewable energies into buildings is an essential path for the future.

Positive energy represents a viable and sustainable solution to meet the energy and environmental challenges of our time. It offers many advantages, both economically and ecologically, and its development potential is immense. It is therefore essential to remove the obstacles to its adoption and to promote its growth to build a more sustainable future.

The challenges are numerous, but the prospects are encouraging. Technological innovation, financial incentives, and changing mentalities are all factors that contribute to making positive energy a reality accessible to all. The objective is clear: transform our buildings into energy producers and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

Positive energy is great, but it comes with challenges. How do we make it work everywhere? And how do we ensure that everyone benefits? We have lots of ideas for the future. To find out more about how we can make our homes greener and save money, visit our website!

In summary

We’ve seen that positive energy is truly a game-changing approach. It pushes us to rethink how we use energy, but also how we produce it. It’s a path that requires a bit of effort, for sure, but the benefits are there: less spending, a healthier environment, and true energy independence. So, why not get started? Every small step counts for a more sustainable future.

Frequently asked questions

What is a positive energy home?

A positive energy home is a dwelling that produces more energy than it uses. It’s a bit like your house producing its own electricity or heat in excess, and it could even give some to others. The goal is to be less dependent on purchased energy and to better protect the planet.

How can a house produce more energy than it consumes?

To achieve this, we use several things. First, the house is built so that it doesn’t lose heat, for example with good walls and special windows. Then, equipment that produces clean energy, such as solar panels on the roof, is installed. Finally, we learn to use energy better on a daily basis, for example by turning off the lights when leaving a room.

How do heat pumps work in a positive energy home?

Heat pumps are clever devices that take heat from the air, water or ground to heat your home in winter and cool it in summer. They are very efficient because they use the natural energy of the environment, which greatly reduces your electricity or gas consumption.

Why are heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems so important?

It’s super important! Well-adjusted heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems keep your home at a good temperature without wasting energy. If these systems are smart, they adapt to your needs and the weather, which saves you money and protects the environment.

Are there any aids for building or renovating a positive energy home?

Yes, the government encourages positive energy homes with rules and financial aid. For example, there are laws that require large buildings to consume less energy. And for individuals, there are subsidies or tax credits to help pay for insulation work or the installation of solar panels.

What materials and equipment are used to make a house energy autonomous?

Materials like wood, which insulates very well, or triple-glazed windows, which block cold and heat, are essential. Good insulation is the first step for a house not to waste energy. Then, energy-producing equipment, such as solar panels or small wind turbines, is added.

How does the connected home help save energy?

A connected home is a home where you can remotely control heating, lighting or electrical appliances with your phone. This allows you to better manage your energy consumption, for example by turning off the heating when you are not there. It also makes life easier and more comfortable.

What is ecological air conditioning and what are its advantages?

Ecological air conditioning uses techniques that consume less energy, such as heat pumps, or systems that use solar energy. It allows you to cool the air without polluting and to improve the quality of the air you breathe indoors. It’s good for your health and for the planet.