In the world of solar energy, the integration of photovoltaic panels into buildings raises significant technical questions. To ensure these systems are reliable and compliant, specific assessments are necessary. One such assessment is the Standardised Technical Assessment, or photovoltaic ETN. This article explores what an ETN is, why it is important, and how it works in the photovoltaic sector.

Key takeaways about photovoltaic ETN

• The photovoltaic ETN is a technical assessment that certifies a solar system is suitable for integration into a building, meeting criteria such as structural integrity and waterproofing.
• It is issued by approved inspection bodies for fairly standard products, allowing them to be used safely under specific conditions.
• An ETN is generally valid for a period of 3 years and can be renewed.
• ETNs are important because they allow insurers to cover photovoltaic installations, especially when there are no applicable Unified Technical Documents (DTU).
• These assessments help drive innovation in the field, by testing new materials and techniques to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of solar installations.

What is a photovoltaic ETN?

Definition and objective of the photovoltaic ETN

A New Technology Study (ETN) in the photovoltaic field is somewhat like an in-depth examination for new technologies or installation methods not yet covered by standard rules, the Unified Technical Documents (DTU). Essentially, when something new is invented for solar, such as a new type of panel or an unprecedented way to fix it, it needs to be thoroughly checked to ensure it works and is safe. This is where the ETN comes in. Its main purpose is to assess whether these innovations are reliable, efficient, and comply with safety and durability standards. The aim is to optimise performance, for example by using more efficient materials to capture light, and also to reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs. The idea is to make solar energy increasingly accessible and efficient. We also study how to make installations more flexible and resistant to climatic hazards, so that they last longer and can adapt to different types of buildings, even those with somewhat complex shapes. This approach drives innovation in the solar sector, ensuring that new ideas are properly validated before being widely adopted. The objective is to ensure that photovoltaic systems are not only efficient but also durable and economical. For example, the assessment may focus on improving the energy efficiency of panels, by testing new cells or more efficient semiconductor materials, to maximise the conversion of solar energy into electricity. ETNs also aim to reduce production and maintenance costs, by exploring thin-film materials and simplified manufacturing processes. This reduces the amount of raw material needed, thereby lowering costs and facilitating large-scale production. Research also focuses on increasing the durability and adaptability of solar panels, by studying materials more resistant to extreme weather conditions and flexible supports for installation on various surfaces. An ETN is a simplified assessment that validates a system’s compatibility with an existing element, unlike a Technical Opinion (ATec) which is more comprehensive and evaluates the performance of an innovative product as a whole. The ATec is also more widely recognised for ten-year insurance. An ETN is generally issued for a period of 3 years. Photovoltaic ETNs are research and development focused on advanced solar technologies, consisting of the evaluation of new techniques and materials to improve solar panels, testing methods that maximise light absorption, optimise energy efficiency, and reduce production costs. The ETN is therefore a guarantee of quality and safety for new solar technologies.

The role of the ETN in building integration

The ETN plays a rather important role when it comes to integrating solar panels directly into buildings, which is known as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Sometimes, panels are not just placed on the roof, but they form part of the building’s structure itself, like solar tiles or facades that generate electricity. In such cases, it is essential to ensure that everything is properly waterproofed, structurally sound, and will not cause long-term problems. The ETN validates these specific aspects of integration. It verifies that the photovoltaic system, once integrated, complies with the building’s structural integrity and waterproofing requirements. It’s a bit like making sure the new window you install won’t let in rain or fall out in the wind. For installers and architects, having an ETN for a building integration system is a guarantee that the product has been tested and approved for that specific use. This also facilitates acceptance by insurers and regulatory authorities. For example, when installing Dualsun panels, it is important to consult the certifications of the mounting system used, such as the ETN, to ensure proper integration and compliance with standards. ETNs ensure that solar installations are not only energy-efficient but also integrate harmoniously and securely into the built environment. They contribute to the durability of photovoltaic installations by validating the resistance of materials and designs to climatic conditions and the structural constraints of buildings. ETNs are issued by approved and independent inspection bodies, accredited by the French Accreditation Committee (COFRAC). These bodies evaluate the conformity of photovoltaic integration systems to current standards, analysing aspects such as waterproofing, structural integrity, and durability of the installations. Key steps in the ETN certification process include the submission of the dossier and initial study by the manufacturer, followed by an analysis of performance and technical characteristics. The ETN validates a system’s compatibility with an existing element, thus ensuring successful building integration.

The advantages of ETN for photovoltaic systems

New Technology Studies (ETN) for photovoltaics bring real added value to solar installations, paving the way for concrete improvements on several fronts. They allow the boundaries of existing technologies to be pushed and offer more efficient and durable solutions.

Optimisation of energy performance

One of the major benefits of ETNs lies in improving the energy yield of solar panels. By exploring new manufacturing techniques and using more efficient materials, these studies aim to maximise the conversion of solar energy into electricity. This results in greater energy production for the same installation area, which is particularly interesting in areas where space is limited. The goal is to capture more light and convert it more efficiently, thus making photovoltaic systems more profitable.

Reduction of installation and maintenance costs

ETNs are not limited to performance improvement; they also focus on cost reduction. This involves studying materials that are cheaper to produce or simplifying manufacturing processes. By testing methods that reduce the amount of raw material needed or facilitate assembly, ETNs help make solar energy more accessible. Furthermore, more robust and better-designed systems can also lead to a reduction in long-term maintenance costs, which is a significant economic advantage for solar panel owners. The initial investment can thus be recouped more quickly, making solar energy an even more attractive option to reduce your electricity bills.

Increased adaptability of solar installations

Research conducted within the framework of ETNs also increases the flexibility and adaptability of solar panels. The materials studied are often more resistant to harsh climatic conditions, which increases the lifespan of installations. Moreover, the development of flexible supports opens up the possibility of installing panels on various surfaces, including roofs with complex shapes or building facades. This versatility allows for better architectural integration and expands the range of possible applications for photovoltaics.

Constant innovation, guided by ETNs, is key to making solar energy ever more efficient, economical, and integrated into our built environment.

The process of obtaining an ETN certificate

Obtaining an ETN (New Technology Study) certificate for a photovoltaic system is a structured process aimed at certifying the conformity and performance of an innovative or non-standard technology. This process is generally carried out by independent and approved certification bodies, which play a key role in evaluating potential technical hazards. The objective is to provide a guarantee of quality and safety to users, installers, and insurers. It is important to note that the ETN is often a prerequisite for benefiting from the ten-year warranty for photovoltaic processes not covered by standard Unified Technical Documents (DTU). The process may seem complex, but it is designed to ensure that new technologies meet safety and performance requirements.

Approved certification bodies

ETN certificates are issued by specialised entities, often technical inspection bodies. These bodies must be accredited, generally by COFRAC (French Accreditation Committee), to guarantee their independence and technical competence. Their role is to objectively evaluate the photovoltaic processes submitted for their examination. They ensure that the proposed technologies comply with best practices and current safety standards, even when they deviate from conventional solutions. The selection of an accredited certification body is a crucial first step in obtaining the certificate.

Key steps in ETN certification

The journey to obtain an ETN certificate comprises several distinct phases. It all begins with the submission of a complete technical dossier by the manufacturer or supplier of the photovoltaic technology. This dossier must detail the product specifications, materials used, manufacturing methods, as well as the results of preliminary tests and proof of compliance with existing standards. Following this submission, the certification body conducts an in-depth analysis of the dossier. If this initial analysis is positive, laboratory tests and, potentially, on-site tests may be required to verify the actual performance and durability of the system under representative operating conditions. All these checks ensure that the system is fit for safe use.

Performance analysis and technical compliance

At the heart of the ETN acquisition process is the rigorous analysis of the photovoltaic system’s performance and technical compliance. This involves a detailed evaluation of several critical aspects. Tests focus on the structural integrity of components, their resistance to mechanical and environmental stresses (wind, snow, temperature variations), as well as the system’s waterproofing, particularly when integrated into the building. Electrical safety, fire risk, and electromagnetic compatibility are also closely examined. The objective is to ensure that the proposed technology is not only efficient in terms of energy production but also safe and reliable in the long term, and that it can be integrated without risk into constructions. Once all these requirements are met, the ETN certificate is issued, attesting to the technology’s compliance and allowing its acceptance by grid managers for connection to the electricity grid.

Evaluation criteria for a photovoltaic ETN

For a photovoltaic system to obtain a Standardised Technical Assessment (ETN), several points are closely examined. It’s not just about fixing panels somewhere; everything must be solid, waterproof, safe, and environmentally friendly. It’s a bit like passing a quality exam to ensure that the installation will last and function properly in the long term.

Structural integrity and component resistance

The first thing we look at is mechanical resistance. The panels and their fixing system must be able to withstand external conditions, such as wind or snow. We check that everything is well anchored and that the materials used will not yield under pressure. Tests are often carried out to measure tensile and compressive strength. The structure must hold up, even in the face of the elements.

Waterproofing and safety criteria

Waterproofing is a crucial point, especially when panels are integrated directly into the building. We ensure that water or moisture does not infiltrate through fixing points or joints. Electrical safety is also scrutinised: wiring, inverters, and all electrical components must comply with current standards to prevent overvoltages, short circuits, or fire risks. This is a meticulous check to prevent any danger.

Durability and environmental compliance

Finally, we are interested in the durability of the materials used and their environmental impact. Components must be designed to last and resist temperature variations and bad weather. Furthermore, the materials used, including for supports, must meet specific environmental requirements. Sometimes, certifications such as ISO 14001 may be requested to attest to this compliance. The objective is to have an installation that is not only efficient but also respectful of the planet and designed for a long lifespan, in accordance with design and implementation rules.

Here is a summary of the main criteria evaluated:

• Mechanical resistance: Does it withstand wind, snow, etc.?
• Waterproofing: Does water not infiltrate the building?
• Electrical safety: Compliance with standards to prevent accidents.
• Durability: Do the materials resist time and climatic conditions?
• Environmental compliance: Are the materials environmentally friendly?

Distinction between ETN and other technical assessments

In the field of photovoltaic systems, several types of technical assessments exist to certify the conformity and performance of devices. It is important to understand the differences between the New Technology Study (ETN) and other certifications to choose the one that best suits your project.

Differences with the Technical Opinion (ATEC)

The Technical Opinion (ATEC) is a document issued by the Commission responsible for granting technical opinions, after a collegial evaluation by a committee of independent experts. It is an in-depth validation of a product or an innovative process as a whole, covering its performance, durability, and fitness for purpose. Unlike the ETN, which is a private document belonging to the company that commissioned it, the ATEC is a public document. The ATEC is generally considered a more comprehensive reference for ten-year insurance.

Comparison with the Technical Experimentation Assessment (ATEx)

The Technical Experimentation Assessment (ATEx) is a faster procedure, initiated by the CSTB, to evaluate processes that do not yet have a Technical Opinion. Its objective is to facilitate the integration of innovation into construction and to help insurers and technical controllers identify and prevent associated risks. The ATEx is particularly useful for experimental sites and helps promote the consideration of new technologies. It is issued for a limited period and can be consulted on the CSTB website.

The specificity of the ETN for non-standard processes

The ETN is distinguished by its targeted approach to evaluating the technical hazards of a specific installation process, often for techniques considered non-standard by insurers. It aims to demonstrate the fitness for purpose of the system under well-defined installation conditions, particularly to ensure the « closed and covered » function. An ETN is therefore a technical assessment carried out by a third-party inspection body, at the request of a company, for a process not covered by Unified Technical Documents (DTU). It is often required by insurance companies to be able to insure photovoltaic installations that fall outside the traditional framework, thus avoiding additional insurance costs. The ETN is generally valid for a period of 3 years, and its obtention certifies the conformity of the process to best practices in its specific field of application. It is a guarantee of quality for solar installations that break new ground.

It should be noted that the ETN is not validated by an independent expert committee like the ATEC, which makes it a more specific assessment for the company that commissions it. For a synthetic overview of these assessments, summary sheets are available on dedicated platforms, helping to clarify technical terms in the construction sector.

The recognition of ETN by insurers

The ETN as a condition for the ten-year warranty

In the field of photovoltaic system installation, especially when it comes to non-standard processes, obtaining a Standardised Technical Assessment (ETN) becomes an important step. For installers, having a valid ETN is often a prerequisite for being able to benefit from the ten-year warranty insurance. The insurance certificate is then issued in the name of the company carrying out the installation, for a specific photovoltaic process. This means that without this assessment, access to classic ten-year warranty coverage can be complicated, if not impossible, for installations considered non-standard.

Risk assessment by insurance companies

Insurance companies examine ETNs on a case-by-case basis. They rely on these assessments to judge the reliability and durability of the proposed photovoltaic systems. A well-documented ETN, detailing energy performance, resistance to climatic conditions, and safety aspects, helps insurers better understand the risks associated with a given installation. This can directly influence the subscription conditions and the cost of insurance. It is therefore in the installer’s interest to ensure that the ETN covers all relevant technical aspects.

Insurance for non-traditional photovoltaic processes

Photovoltaic processes that do not fall within the scope of Unified Technical Documents (DTU) are considered non-standard techniques by insurers. In these situations, the ETN plays a reference role. It demonstrates that the process, although new or different, has undergone a rigorous technical evaluation. This facilitates coverage by insurance and can even allow for more advantageous pricing conditions, compared to installations without any technical evaluation. The ETN is thus a key tool for the coverage of solar installations that deviate from usual standards.

The importance of ETN in compliance with standards

The Standardised Technical Assessment (ETN) plays a significant role in ensuring that photovoltaic installations comply with established standards. In cases where specific Unified Technical Documents (DTU) do not yet exist for a particular technology or installation method, the ETN becomes the primary reference. It certifies that the process used complies with best practices, even if it deviates from the norm.

The ETN in the absence of Unified Technical Documents (DTU)

When DTUs, which are the reference texts for building works in France, do not cover an innovation or a specific installation method in the photovoltaic field, the ETN takes over. It provides an evaluation framework to validate the safety, durability, and performance of these new approaches. This approach allows innovation not to be hindered while maintaining a level of quality and safety for solar installations.

Certification of compliance with best practices

Obtaining an ETN certificate attests that the photovoltaic system, although potentially not covered by classic DTUs, has been evaluated and deemed compliant with professional best practices and recognised technical requirements. This involves an in-depth analysis of materials, installation methods, and expected performance, often by independent accredited bodies. This certification provides a guarantee of quality and reliability to project owners and insurers.

Impact on the tariff order for solar installations

The ETN can have an impact on the eligibility conditions for electricity purchase tariffs generated by photovoltaic installations, particularly those benefiting from public support schemes. Indeed, for certain aid or preferential tariffs, demonstrating technical compliance via an ETN may be a required condition. This aims to encourage the adoption of proven and efficient technologies, thereby contributing to the sustainability of the renewable energy sector. The evaluation of energy performance is a key point for optimising operating costs.

The ETN acts as a bridge between technological innovation and the existing regulatory framework, facilitating the integration of new photovoltaic solutions into the market while guaranteeing the safety and performance of installations.

Technological advancements enabled by ETNs

New Technology Studies (ETN) for photovoltaics are a driving force for innovation in the solar energy sector. They enable the evaluation and validation of emerging technologies that improve the performance, durability, and integration of photovoltaic systems. These studies pave the way for more efficient and accessible solutions for electricity generation from the sun.

Innovation in materials and solar cells

ETNs play a key role in exploring new materials and more efficient solar cell designs. This includes heterojunction cells, tandem cells, and technologies based on perovskites. These advancements aim to increase the conversion efficiency of sunlight into electricity, by optimising photon capture and reducing energy losses. The objective is to produce more energy from a given surface area, which is particularly relevant in areas where space is limited. Research also focuses on reducing the production costs of these new materials, to make solar energy even more competitive. Semiconductors are at the heart of these developments, their precise engineering allowing for significant performance gains.

Improved flexibility and architectural integration

Beyond pure performance, ETNs contribute to making photovoltaic panels more adaptable. Studies focus on more flexible and lightweight materials, allowing their integration onto various surfaces, including curved roofs or building facades. This flexibility opens up new architectural perspectives and allows for the valorisation of spaces not previously considered for solar energy production. The objective is to make the solar panel an integral architectural element, discreet and aesthetic. This also facilitates installation on existing structures, without compromising their integrity. The platform Solencia.net also helps analyse these aspects to optimise projects.

Contribution to the durability of photovoltaic installations

Durability is another major focus of ETNs. Studies evaluate the resistance of new materials and systems to harsh environmental conditions: bad weather, temperature variations, humidity. The objective is to increase the lifespan of solar panels and reduce their maintenance needs. This involves choosing more robust materials, but also optimising manufacturing processes to minimise defects and weak points. A durable installation is one that produces clean energy over the long term, with a reduced environmental impact throughout its life cycle. Evaluation criteria often include:

• Resistance to shocks and hail
• Stability of performance over time
• Recyclability of components

The rigorous evaluation of new technologies by ETNs is essential to ensure that innovations bring real added value in terms of performance, cost, and durability, while complying with safety and environmental standards.

The validity period and renewal of ETNs

Once an ETN certificate is issued for a photovoltaic system, it is not valid indefinitely. It is important to understand the limits of this validity and the steps to follow to maintain or renew it.

Validity period of an ETN

As a general rule, an ETN is issued for a period of three years. This duration ensures that the performance and technical characteristics of the evaluated system remain compliant with expected standards within a reasonable timeframe. Beyond this period, a re-evaluation may be necessary to confirm that the product has not undergone modifications or that applicable standards have not evolved significantly.

Modification and renewal procedure

If modifications are made to the photovoltaic system after obtaining the ETN, a new certification procedure or a modification of the existing certificate may be required. The manufacturer must submit an updated dossier to the certification body. For renewal, a similar process must be undertaken before the expiry of the current certificate. This often involves a review of performance and compliance with current rules, which may include new tests if necessary. This process is essential to continue benefiting from the recognition of the ETN, particularly for aspects related to the ten-year warranty or electricity sales conditions, such as the 20-year contract with a guaranteed tariff to sell solar electricity.

Evolution of standards and technologies

The photovoltaic sector is constantly evolving. New technologies emerge, and safety and performance standards are regularly updated. This is why the limited validity period of the ETN is logical. It obliges manufacturers to stay up-to-date with technological and regulatory advancements. The renewal or update of an ETN may involve adapting the system to meet new requirements, thus contributing to the continuous improvement of the quality and reliability of solar installations.

Maintaining the validity of an ETN is a guarantee of quality and compliance that reassures building professionals and insurers about the longevity of installed photovoltaic systems.

The role of approved inspection bodies

Approved inspection bodies play an important role in the certification process for photovoltaic systems. They are responsible for evaluating the technical conformity of processes and installations to current standards. Their independence and expertise guarantee an objective assessment of potential risks.

Accreditation by COFRAC

To be recognised, these bodies must obtain accreditation from the French Accreditation Committee (COFRAC). This accreditation attests to their technical competence and impartiality. It is a guarantee for project owners and insurers that the evaluations carried out are reliable and comply with regulatory requirements. COFRAC accreditation is a key step for the validity of the certifications issued, including for solutions validated by ETN, such as those offered by Triangle ISB [7f46].

Independence and expertise of certification bodies

The independence of inspection bodies is paramount. They must have no hierarchical or commercial links with the manufacturers or installers of the systems they evaluate. This independence allows them to conduct their analyses with complete objectivity. Their expertise is based on an in-depth knowledge of materials, implementation techniques, electrical standards, and regulations specific to the photovoltaic sector. They analyse various elements such as the definition and scope of application of the process, the quality of materials, sizing and installation rules, as well as the durability of components.

Mission to evaluate technical hazards

The main mission of an approved inspection body is to identify and evaluate the technical hazards associated with a photovoltaic process. This includes analysing the structural integrity of components, their resistance to environmental conditions, the waterproofing of installations, and the overall safety of the system. They ensure that the process complies with best practices, even in the absence of specific Unified Technical Documents (DTU). This evaluation helps prevent potential defects and guarantees the performance and longevity of solar installations. Insurers recognise these evaluations, which is often a condition for benefiting from a ten-year warranty insurance for photovoltaic processes [20a7].

Approved inspection bodies play an essential role in ensuring that everything is well done and secure. They verify that installations, such as solar panels, comply with rules and function correctly. This is an important step for your peace of mind. To find out more about how we can help you with your projects, visit our website!

Conclusion

In summary, the Standardised Technical Assessment (ETN) represents an important step in validating the reliability and safety of photovoltaic systems, especially when they deviate from traditional standards. Although different from the Technical Opinion (ATec) in its scope and process, the ETN offers a fundamental guarantee of the fitness for purpose of innovative processes. It allows installers to benefit from insurance coverage, particularly the ten-year warranty, by demonstrating the conformity of installations to essential requirements such as waterproofing and structural integrity. For professionals and project owners, understanding the role and scope of the ETN is therefore a key step to securing photovoltaic integration projects and ensuring their longevity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an ETN in the photovoltaic field?

An ETN, or New Technology Study, is a kind of technical validation for solar systems. It’s like a certificate that says the system is well designed to be installed on a building, verifying that it is structurally sound and will not let water through. It is issued by experts for products that are not yet widely known but appear safe for a specific use.

Who issues an ETN and how long is it valid for?

These are inspection bodies that have received authorisation to do so, such as the CSTB for example. They give their approval at the request of the solar system manufacturer. Generally, an ETN is valid for 3 years. After that, it may need to be redone or updated if things change.

What is the difference between an ETN and a Technical Opinion (ATEC)?

The ETN is a more targeted assessment of how a solar system adapts to a building, especially for structural integrity and waterproofing. The Technical Opinion, on the other hand, is more comprehensive and evaluates the entire product, especially if it is truly new. The Technical Opinion is often more widely recognised by insurers for the ten-year warranty.

Why are ETNs important for insurance?

When a solar system is not covered by standard building regulations (DTUs), insurers need proof that the system is safe and reliable. The ETN serves precisely this purpose. It shows that the system has been thoroughly studied and complies with safety criteria, which allows insurers to offer a guarantee, such as the ten-year warranty.

What are the main criteria evaluated during an ETN?

Experts look at several important things. They check if the system is structurally sound and if it resists bad weather well. They also ensure that there are no water leaks (waterproofing) and that everything is secure to prevent accidents. Finally, they look at whether the system is designed to last and if it respects the environment.

How does an ETN help improve solar panels?

Thanks to ETNs, new ideas for manufacturing solar panels can be tested. This makes it possible to find cheaper materials, make panels more efficient at producing electricity, and even make them more flexible for installation on complex roof shapes. This helps solar energy become better and more accessible.

Is an ETN mandatory for installing solar panels?

It is not always mandatory for all installations, but it is very strongly recommended, especially if you want to be sure of having good insurance for your installation. For systems that are a bit out of the ordinary or that do not have well-defined installation rules, the ETN is a guarantee of safety and conformity.

What is an approved inspection body?

An approved inspection body is an independent company that has received authorisation to evaluate the safety and conformity of construction products or techniques. They are recognised for their expertise and impartiality. To obtain an ETN, you must go through one of these bodies, which are often accredited by organisations such as COFRAC.